Mocks Temporizados
The native timer functions (i.e., setTimeout, setInterval, clearTimeout, clearInterval) are less than ideal for a testing environment since they depend on real time to elapse. Jest puede cambiar temporizadores con funciones que permiten controlar el paso del tiempo. gran Scott!
'use strict';
function timerGame(callback) {
console.log('Ready....go!');
setTimeout(() => {
console.log("Time's up -- stop!");
callback && callback();
}, 1000);
}
module.exports = timerGame;
'use strict';
jest.useFakeTimers(); // or you can set "timers": "fake" globally in configuration file
jest.spyOn(global, 'setTimeout');
test('waits 1 second before ending the game', () => {
const timerGame = require('../timerGame');
timerGame();
expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.any(Function), 1000);
});
Here we enable fake timers by calling jest.useFakeTimers(). This mocks out setTimeout and other timer functions with mock functions. Timers can be restored to their normal behavior with jest.useRealTimers().
While you can call jest.useFakeTimers() or jest.useRealTimers() from anywhere (top level, inside an it block, etc.), it is a global operation and will affect other tests within the same file. Additionally, you need to call jest.useFakeTimers() to reset internal counters before each test. If you plan to not use fake timers in all your tests, you will want to clean up manually, as otherwise the faked timers will leak across tests:
afterEach(() => {
jest.useRealTimers();
});
test('do something with fake timers', () => {
jest.useFakeTimers();
// ...
});
test('do something with real timers', () => {
// ...
});
Currently, two implementations of the fake timers are included - modern and legacy, where modern is the default one. See configuration for how to configure it.
Ejecutar todos los temporizadores
Another test we might want to write for this module is one that asserts that the callback is called after 1 second. To do this, we're going to use Jest's timer control APIs to fast-forward time right in the middle of the test:
jest.useFakeTimers();
test('calls the callback after 1 second', () => {
const timerGame = require('../timerGame');
const callback = jest.fn();
timerGame(callback);
// At this point in time, the callback should not have been called yet
expect(callback).not.toBeCalled();
// Fast-forward until all timers have been executed
jest.runAllTimers();
// Now our callback should have been called!
expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.any(Function), 1000);
// Fast forward and exhaust only currently pending timers
// (but not any new timers that get created during that process)
jest.runOnlyPendingTimers();
// At this point, our 1-second timer should have fired it's callback
expect(callback).toBeCalled();
// And it should have created a new timer to start the game over in
// 10 seconds
expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.any(Function), 10000);
});
});
Ejecutar temporizadores pendientes
There are also scenarios where you might have a recursive timer -- that is a timer that sets a new timer in its own callback. For these, running all the timers would be an endless loop, throwing the following error:
Ran 100000 timers, and there are still more! Assuming we've hit an infinite recursion and bailing out...
So something like jest.runAllTimers() is not desirable. Para estos casos se podría utilizar jest.runOnlyPendingTimers():
'use strict';
function infiniteTimerGame(callback) {
console.log('Ready....go!');
setTimeout(() => {
console.log("Time's up! 10 seconds before the next game starts...");
callback && callback();
// Schedule the next game in 10 seconds
setTimeout(() => {
infiniteTimerGame(callback);
}, 10000);
}, 1000);
}
module.exports = infiniteTimerGame;
'use strict';
jest.useFakeTimers();
jest.spyOn(global, 'setTimeout');
describe('infiniteTimerGame', () => {
test('schedules a 10-second timer after 1 second', () => {
const infiniteTimerGame = require('../infiniteTimerGame');
const callback = jest.fn();
infiniteTimerGame(callback);
// At this point in time, there should have been a single call to
// setTimeout to schedule the end of the game in 1 second.
expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.any(Function), 1000);
// Fast forward and exhaust only currently pending timers
// (but not any new timers that get created during that process)
jest.runOnlyPendingTimers();
// At this point, our 1-second timer should have fired its callback
expect(callback).toBeCalled();
// And it should have created a new timer to start the game over in
// 10 seconds
expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.any(Function), 10000);
});
});
Temporizadores anticipados por tiempo
Otra posibilidad es usar jest.advanceTimersByTime(msToRun). Cuando este API es llamado, todos los timers son avanzados por milisegundos msToRun. Cuando este API es llamado, todos los timers son avanzados por milisegundos msToRun. All pending "macro-tasks" that have been queued via setTimeout() or setInterval(), and would be executed during this time frame, will be executed.
'use strict';
function timerGame(callback) {
console.log('Ready....go!');
setTimeout(() => {
console.log("Time's up -- stop!");
callback && callback();
}, 1000);
}
module.exports = timerGame;
jest.useFakeTimers();
it('calls the callback after 1 second via advanceTimersByTime', () => {
const timerGame = require('../timerGame');
const callback = jest.fn();
timerGame(callback);
// At this point in time, the callback should not have been called yet
expect(callback).not.toBeCalled();
// Fast-forward until all timers have been executed
jest.advanceTimersByTime(1000);
// Now our callback should have been called!
expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.any(Function), 1000);
// Fast forward and exhaust only currently pending timers
// (but not any new timers that get created during that process)
jest.runOnlyPendingTimers();
// At this point, our 1-second timer should have fired it's callback
expect(callback).toBeCalled();
// And it should have created a new timer to start the game over in
// 10 seconds
expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.any(Function), 10000);
});
});
Lastly, it may occasionally be useful in some tests to be able to clear all of the pending timers. For this, we have jest.clearAllTimers().
The code for this example is available at examples/timer.