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Version: 25.x

Funciones Mock

Mock functions are also known as "spies", because they let you spy on the behavior of a function that is called indirectly by some other code, rather than only testing the output. Puedes crear una falsa función con jest.fn(). Si no se da la implementación, la función mockeda devolverá undefined cuando se invoque.

Métodos​

Referencia​

mockFn.getMockName()​

Returns the mock name string set by calling .mockName().

mockFn.mock.calls​

An array containing the call arguments of all calls that have been made to this mock function. Each item in the array is an array of arguments that were passed during the call.

For example: A mock function f that has been called twice, with the arguments f('arg1', 'arg2'), and then with the arguments f('arg3', 'arg4'), would have a mock.calls array that looks like this:

[
  ['arg1', 'arg2'],
  ['arg3', 'arg4'],
];

mockFn.mock.results​

An array containing the results of all calls that have been made to this mock function. Each entry in this array is an object containing a type property, and a value property. type will be one of the following:

  • 'return' - Indicates that the call completed by returning normally.
  • 'throw' - Indicates that the call completed by throwing a value.
  • 'incomplete' - Indicates that the call has not yet completed. This occurs if you test the result from within the mock function itself, or from within a function that was called by the mock.

The value property contains the value that was thrown or returned. value is undefined when type === 'incomplete'.

Una matriz que contiene todas las instancias de objeto que han se han creado instancias de esta función mockeada utilizando new.

[
  {
    type: 'return',
    value: 'result1',
  },
  {
    type: 'throw',
    value: {
      /* Error instance */
    },
  },
  {
    type: 'return',
    value: 'result2',
  },
];

mockFn.mock.instances​

Por ejemplo: una función mockeada que ha creado una instancia dos veces, tendría la siguiente matriz de mock.instances:

Restablece toda la información almacenada en las matrices mockFn.mock.calls y mockFn.mock.instances.

const mockFn = jest.fn();

const a = new mockFn();
const b = new mockFn();

mockFn.mock.instances[0] === a; // true
mockFn.mock.instances[1] === b; // true

mockFn.mockClear()​

Clears all information stored in the mockFn.mock.calls, mockFn.mock.instances and mockFn.mock.results arrays. Often this is useful when you want to clean up a mocks usage data between two assertions.

The clearMocks configuration option is available to clear mocks automatically before each tests.

danger

Beware that mockClear will replace mockFn.mock, not just these three properties! You should, therefore, avoid assigning mockFn.mock to other variables, temporary or not, to make sure you don't access stale data.

mockFn.mockReset()​

Does everything that mockFn.mockClear() does, and also removes any mocked return values or implementations.

This is useful when you want to completely reset a mock back to its initial state.

The resetMocks configuration option is available to reset mocks automatically before each test.

info

Resetting a mock created with jest.spyOn() will result in a function with no return value.

mockFn.mockRestore()​

Does everything that mockFn.mockReset() does, and also restores the original (non-mocked) implementation.

Esto es útil para casos donde se desee simular funciones en ciertas pruebas y restaurar la implementación original para otras.

The restoreMocks configuration option is available to restore mocks automatically before each test.

info

mockFn.mockRestore only works when the mock was created with jest.spyOn. De modo que se debe realizar la restauración de manera independiente a Jest cuando se crean mocks con jest.fn().

mockFn.mockImplementation(fn)​

Acepta una función que debe ser utilizada como la implementación de la funcion a mockear. El mockeo de sí mismo aún grabará todas las llamadas que entran y casos que provienen de sí mismo, la única diferencia es que la aplicación también se ejecutará cuando se llama a la funcion mock.

tip

jest.fn(implementation) is a shorthand for jest.fn().mockImplementation(implementation).

Por ejemplo:

const mockFn = jest.fn().mockImplementation(scalar => 42 + scalar);
// or: jest.fn(scalar => 42 + scalar);

const a = mockFn(0);
const b = mockFn(1);

a === 42; // true
b === 43; // true

mockFn.mock.calls[0][0] === 0; // true
mockFn.mock.calls[1][0] === 1; // true

mockImplementation puede utilizarse también para mockear constructores de clase:

SomeClass.js
module.exports = class SomeClass {
  m(a, b) {}
};
OtherModule.test.js
jest.mock('./SomeClass'); // this happens automatically with automocking
const SomeClass = require('./SomeClass');
const mMock = jest.fn();
SomeClass.mockImplementation(() => {
  return {
    m: mMock,
  };
});

const some = new SomeClass();
some.m('a', 'b');
console.log('Calls to m: ', mMock.mock.calls);

mockFn.mockImplementationOnce(fn)​

Acepta una función que se utilizará como una implementación de la funcion de mock para una llamada a la función mockeada. Puede ser encadenado para que varias llamadas de función produzcan resultados distintos.

const myMockFn = jest
  .fn()
  .mockImplementationOnce(cb => cb(null, true))
  .mockImplementationOnce(cb => cb(null, false));

myMockFn((err, val) => console.log(val)); // true

myMockFn((err, val) => console.log(val)); // false

Cuando se ejecuta la función mockeada de implementaciones definidas con mockImplementationOnce, se ejecutará la aplicación por defecto con jest.fn(() = > defaultValue) o .mockImplementation(() = > defaultValue) si se llamara:

const myMockFn = jest
  .fn(() => 'default')
  .mockImplementationOnce(() => 'first call')
  .mockImplementationOnce(() => 'second call');

// 'first call', 'second call', 'default', 'default'
console.log(myMockFn(), myMockFn(), myMockFn(), myMockFn());

mockFn.mockName(name)​

Accepts a string to use in test result output in place of 'jest.fn()' to indicate which mock function is being referenced.

Por ejemplo:

const mockFn = jest.fn().mockName('mockedFunction');
// mockFn();
expect(mockFn).toHaveBeenCalled();

Will result in this error:

expect(mockedFunction).toHaveBeenCalled()

Expected number of calls: >= 1
Received number of calls:    0

mockFn.mockReturnThis()​

Shorthand for:

jest.fn(function () {
  return this;
});

mockFn.mockReturnValue(value)​

Shorthand for:

jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => value);

Accepts a value that will be returned whenever the mock function is called.

const mock = jest.fn();
mock.mockReturnValue(42);
mock(); // 42
mock.mockReturnValue(43);
mock(); // 43

mockFn.mockReturnValueOnce(value)​

Shorthand for:

jest.fn().mockImplementationOnce(() => value);

Acepta un valor que se devolverá para una llamada a la función de prueba. Can be chained so that successive calls to the mock function return different values. When there are no more mockReturnValueOnce values to use, calls will return a value specified by mockReturnValue.

const myMockFn = jest
  .fn()
  .mockReturnValue('default')
  .mockReturnValueOnce('first call')
  .mockReturnValueOnce('second call');

// 'first call', 'second call', 'default', 'default'
console.log(myMockFn(), myMockFn(), myMockFn(), myMockFn());

mockFn.mockResolvedValue(value)​

Shorthand for:

jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => Promise.resolve(value));

Useful to mock async functions in async tests:

test('async test', async () => {
  const asyncMock = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(43);

  await asyncMock(); // 43
});

mockFn.mockResolvedValueOnce(value)​

Shorthand for:

jest.fn().mockImplementationOnce(() => Promise.resolve(value));

Useful to resolve different values over multiple async calls:

test('async test', async () => {
  const asyncMock = jest
    .fn()
    .mockResolvedValue('default')
    .mockResolvedValueOnce('first call')
    .mockResolvedValueOnce('second call');

  await asyncMock(); // first call
  await asyncMock(); // second call
  await asyncMock(); // default
  await asyncMock(); // default
});

mockFn.mockRejectedValue(value)​

Shorthand for:

jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => Promise.reject(value));

Useful to create async mock functions that will always reject:

test('async test', async () => {
  const asyncMock = jest.fn().mockRejectedValue(new Error('Async error'));

  await asyncMock(); // throws "Async error"
});

mockFn.mockRejectedValueOnce(value)​

Shorthand for:

jest.fn().mockImplementationOnce(() => Promise.reject(value));

Example usage:

test('async test', async () => {
  const asyncMock = jest
    .fn()
    .mockResolvedValueOnce('first call')
    .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Async error'));

  await asyncMock(); // first call
  await asyncMock(); // throws "Async error"
});

TypeScript​

Jest itself is written in TypeScript.

If you are using Create React App then the TypeScript template has everything you need to start writing tests in TypeScript.

Otherwise, please see our Getting Started guide for to get setup with TypeScript.

You can see an example of using Jest with TypeScript in our GitHub repository.

jest.MockedFunction​

tip

jest.MockedFunction is available in the @types/jest module from version 24.9.0.

The following examples will assume you have an understanding of how Jest mock functions work with JavaScript.

You can use jest.MockedFunction to represent a function that has been replaced by a Jest mock.

Example using automatic jest.mock:

// Assume `add` is imported and used within `calculate`.
import add from './add';
import calculate from './calc';

jest.mock('./add');

// Our mock of `add` is now fully typed
const mockAdd = add as jest.MockedFunction<typeof add>;

test('calculate calls add', () => {
  calculate('Add', 1, 2);

  expect(mockAdd).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
  expect(mockAdd).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1, 2);
});

Example using jest.fn:

// Here `add` is imported for its type
import add from './add';
import calculate from './calc';

test('calculate calls add', () => {
  // Create a new mock that can be used in place of `add`.
  const mockAdd = jest.fn() as jest. MockedFunction<typeof add>;

  // Note: You can use the `jest.fn` type directly like this if you want:
  // const mockAdd = jest.fn<ReturnType<typeof add>, Parameters<typeof add>>();
  // `jest.MockedFunction` is a more friendly shortcut.

  // Now we can easily set up mock implementations.
  // All the `.mock*` API can now give you proper types for `add`.
  // https://jestjs.io/docs/en/mock-function-api

  // `.mockImplementation` can now infer that `a` and `b` are `number`
  // and that the returned value is a `number`.
  mockAdd.mockImplementation((a, b) => {
    // Yes, this mock is still adding two numbers but imagine this
    // was a complex function we are mocking.
    return a + b;
  });

  // `mockAdd` is properly typed and therefore accepted by
  // anything requiring `add`.
  calculate(mockAdd, 1, 2);

  expect(mockAdd).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
  expect(mockAdd).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1, 2);
});

jest.MockedClass​

tip

jest.MockedClass is available in the @types/jest module from version 24.9.0.

The following examples will assume you have an understanding of how Jest mock classes work with JavaScript.

You can use jest.MockedClass to represent a class that has been replaced by a Jest mock.

Converting the ES6 Class automatic mock example would look like this:

import SoundPlayer from '../sound-player';
import SoundPlayerConsumer from '../sound-player-consumer';

jest.mock('../sound-player'); // SoundPlayer is now a mock constructor

const SoundPlayerMock = SoundPlayer as jest. MockedClass<typeof SoundPlayer>;

beforeEach(() => {
  // Clear all instances and calls to constructor and all methods: SoundPlayerMock.mockClear();
});

it('We can check if the consumer called the class constructor', () => {
  const soundPlayerConsumer = new SoundPlayerConsumer();
  expect(SoundPlayerMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
});

it('We can check if the consumer called a method on the class instance', () => {
  // Show that mockClear() is working:
  expect(SoundPlayerMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

  const soundPlayerConsumer = new SoundPlayerConsumer();
  // Constructor should have been called again:
  expect(SoundPlayerMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);

  const coolSoundFileName = 'song.mp3';
  soundPlayerConsumer.playSomethingCool();

  // mock.instances is available with automatic mocks:
  const mockSoundPlayerInstance = SoundPlayerMock.mock.instances[0];

  // However, it will not allow access to `.mock` in TypeScript as it
  // is returning `SoundPlayer`. Instead, you can check the calls to a
  // method like this fully typed:
  expect(SoundPlayerMock.prototype.playSoundFile.mock.calls[0][0]).toBe(
    coolSoundFileName,
  );
  // Equivalent to above check:
  expect(SoundPlayerMock.prototype.playSoundFile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
    coolSoundFileName,
  );
  expect(SoundPlayerMock.prototype.playSoundFile).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
});